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http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/macbeth/

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det er akt 5 scene 8
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Act 5, scene 8



Macbeth enters, contemplating whether or not he should kill himself, and resolving that he is too brave to do so. Macduff finds him and challenges him. Macbeth replies that he has avoided Macduff until his point, but now he will fight. Macduff unsheathes his sword, saying that his sword will speak for him. The men fight. As they fight, Macbeth tells him that he leads a charmed life; he will only fall to a man who is not born of woman. Macduff replies that the time has come for Macbeth to despair: "let the angel whom thou still hast served / Tell thee Macduff was from his mother's womb / Untimely ripped" (Macduff was born through the medieval equivalent of a caesarian section)! Hearing this, Macbeth quails and says that he will not fight. Macduff replies by commanding him to yield, and allow himself to be the laughing stock of Scotland under Malcolm's rule. This enrages Macbeth, who swears he will never yield to swear allegiance to Malcolm. They fight on, and exit fighting.

Malcolm, Siward, and the other Thanes enter. They have won the battle, but Malcolm states that Macduff and Young Siward are missing. Ross reports that Young Siward is dead, and eulogizes him by stating that "he only lived but till he was a man, / The which no sooner had his prowess confirmed / In the unshrinking station where he fought, / But like a man he died." Siward asks if his son's wounds were in his front (in other words, did he fight until the end, instead of running away), and when he learns that they were, he declares that he will mourn no more for him then, because he died a hero's death, and Siward could not wish for a better death for any of his sons.

Macduff enters, carrying Macbeth's severed head, and shouts "Hail, King of Scotland!" All the men return this shout and the trumpets flourish as Malcolm accepts the throne. He then announces that he will make the thanes earls now ­ up until then they had only been called thanes. He will call back all the men whom Macbeth has exiled, and will attempt to heal the scars Macbeth has made in the country. All exit, headed toward Scone to crown Malcolm King of Scotland.

Act 5 Analysis



Scene one of this act is the most-quoted, most familiar part of this play. Until this point Macbeth has been tormented with visions, nightmares and disturbances in his sleep while Lady Macbeth scolds him for his weakness. Now the audience witnesses the way in which the murders have preyed on Lady Macbeth as well. In her sleepwalking, Lady Macbeth plays out the washing theme that runs throughout the play. After killing Duncan, she flippantly tells Macbeth that "a little water clears us of this deed;" now it is evident that this is not true, as the sleepwalking lady tries in vain to scrub the stain of blood off her hands. Lady Macbeth's stained hands are reminiscent of the Biblical mark of Cain ­ the mark that God placed on Cain after he killed his brother Abel in the story of Genesis. Like Cain's mark, the stain of blood follows Lady Macbeth and reveals her guilt to the watching doctor and gentlewoman. However, Cain's mark is a sign from God that protects Cain from others' revenge; Lady Macbeth's mark, on the other hand, does not protect her from death, and she dies only a few scenes later.

The doctor's behavior in this scene is interesting in that it closely resembles the work of a psychoanalyst, but precedes the "father of psychoanalysis," Freud, by centuries. Like a Freudian psychoanalyst, the doctor observes Lady Macbeth's dreams and uses her words to infer the cause of her distress. Like a psychoanalyst, too, the doctor decides to "set down what comes from her" as he listens (V.i 34-35). After witnessing her distress, the doctor declares it the result of an "infected mind" (V.i 76); this too sounds like the diagnosis of a modern-day psychiatrist.

Lady Macbeth's language in this scene betrays her troubled mind in many ways. Her speech in previous acts has been eloquent and smooth, for example:



All our service,
In every point twice done and then done double,
Were poor and single business to contend
Against those honors deep and broad wherewith
Your Majesty loads our house. For those of old,
And the late dignities heaped upon them,
We rest your hermits (I.vi 18-24).

In this speech, Lady Macbeth makes use of metaphor (Duncan's honor is "deep and broad"), metonymy (he honors "our house," meaning the Macbeths themselves), and hyperbole ("in every point twice done and then done double"). Her syntax is complex, and the rhythm of her speech is smooth and flowing, in the iambic pentameter used by members of the nobility in Shakespeare's plays. What a contrast it is, therefore, when she speaks in her sleep in act five:


Out, damned spot, out, I say! One. Two. Why then, Œtis time to do't. Hell is murky. Fie, my lord, fie, a soldier and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account? Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him? . . . . The Thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now? What, will these hands ne'er be clean? No more o' that, my lord, no more o' that. You mar all with this starting (V.i 36-47).

In this speech, Lady Macbeth's language is choppy, jumping from idea to idea as her state of mind changes. Her sentences are short and unpolished, reflecting a mind too disturbed to speak eloquently. Although she spoke in iambic pentameter before, now she speaks in prose ­ she has lost that noble distance with which she spoke before.

Lady Macbeth's dissolution is swift. This sleepwalking scene is the last time we see her, and a few scenes later, Macbeth receives news that she has died. As Macbeth's power has grown, Lady Macbeth's has decreased. She begins as a remorseless, influential voice capable sweet-talking Duncan and of leading Macbeth to do her bidding. In the third act Macbeth leaves her out of his plans to kill Banquo, refusing to tell her what he intends to do. Now in act five she has dwindled to a mumbling sleepwalker, capable of only the rambling speech of the insane. Whereas event the relatively unimportant Lady Macduff has a stirring death scene, Lady Macbeth dies offstage, and when her death is reported to Macbeth his cold response is shocking in its lack of interest. Here again Macbeth stands in relief to Macduff, whose emotional reaction to his wife's death almost "unmans" him.

As the play nears its bloody conclusion, Macbeth's "tragic flaw" comes to the forefront: like Duncan before him, he is too trusting. He believes the witches' prophesies at face value, never realizing that, like him, things are seldom what they seem. Thus he foolishly fortifies his castle with the few men he has left, banking on the fact that the events the witches predicted seem impossible. But in fact these predictions come true: the English army brings Birnam Wood to Dunsinane, and Macduff, who has been "untimely ripped" from his mother's womb, advances to kill Macbeth. The witches have equivocated; they told him a double truth, concealing the complex reality within a framework that seems simple.

It is fitting that the play ends as it began: with a victorious battle in which a valiant hero kills a traitor and displays his severed head. The first thing we hear of Macbeth in act one is the story of his bravery in battle, wherein he cut off Macdonwald's head and displayed it on the castle battlements. Here at the end of the tragedy, Macbeth, himself a traitor to Duncan and his family, is treated in exactly the same manner; after killing Macbeth, Macduff enters with Macbeth's severed head and exclaims "behold where stands / Th'usurper's cursed head" (V.vii 65-66). The play thus ends with the completion of a perfect parallel.

The moral at the end of the story is that the course of fate cannot be changed. The events that the Weird Sisters predicted/set in motion at the beginning of the play happen exactly as they said, no matter what the characters do to change them. Macbeth tries his hardest to force fate to work to his bidding, but to no avail; Banquo still becomes the father of kings, and Macbeth still falls to a man not born of woman. The man who triumphs in the end is the one who did nothing to change the fate prescribed for him. The course of time flows on, despite the struggles of man; although Macbeth's reign of terror caused the times to be "disjoint" (III.ii 18), by the end of the play the tide of time has smoothed over Scotland, and Macduff comments that "the time is free" (V.viii 66). Thus Macbeth's life proves to be in fact a "tale / Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing" (V.v 29-31). Time will wash over his meaningless, bloody history, Banquo's family will give rise to a line of Stuart kings, and Malcolm will regain the throne his father left him, exactly as if Macbeth had never dared to kill Duncan at all.

Håber du kan bruge det til noget,ellers bare prøv at spørge, jeg har nemlig selv lige læst den..

tak.. jeg vil lige se om jeg kan bruge det... mange tak...

hej igen... nu har jeg lige snakket med min lærer, men hun siger, at jeg kun skal fortælle om akt 5 scene 8
Jeg har virkeligt svært ved at forstå det, kan du (slllls) ikke hjælpe mig lidt, siden du har læst det `? mange tak .... (det haster lidt....:()

hhmm ???