'Ekspressionismen'

Fra et af mine essays.

Expressionism


In Nietzsche’s The Birth of Tragedy it is postulated that there existed a dualism of aesthetic expression:
i. Apollonian: mind and order. Rationally conceived ideal.
ii. Dionysian: artistic conception originating from man’s subconscious.
Expressionism is Dionysian according to Nietzsche.

Expressionism is a movement in fine arts. In Germany from 1910 (wiped out by Nazism in the thirties).

Expressionism is a reaction against:
i. the naturalistic intent to imitate reality
ii. the impressionistic imitation of exterior impressions

Expressionism emphasizes:
i. The expression of inner experience rather than solely realistic portrayal.
ii. Tries to depict not objective reality but the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in the artist themselves.
f. {Expressionism in fine arts} Artist were characterized by:
i. Being highly subjective, personal, spontaneous self-expression.
ii. They would accomplish their aim through exaggeration, primitivism and fantasy.
iii. They replaced the visual object’s reality with their own image of this object (yet they did not think this represented the real nature of the object!)
iv. They do NOT search for harmony and forms.

Reason for why in DoaS Willy’s present, past and illusion can co-exist at the same time!
v. They try to achieve expression according to the aesthetic point of view, personal idea and human critics.

The objective reality is distorted to symbolize the mental conditions of the artists.


{Expressionism in literature}
i. Expressionist drama gives rise to
1. New approaches to staging
2. scene design
3. directing
ii. Expressionist drama has the objective:

To create a totally unified stage picture that would increase the emotional impact of the production on the audience.
iii. Expressionist drama incorporates:
1. Unrealistic expressive lightning
2. Over-acting
3. Abrupt dialogue
4. Convoluted temporal sequencing to create a dark and distorting atmosphere for the audience to be a part of.


Expressionism in literature
i. Portrays the inner workings of a person’s mind, by turning them ‘inside out’.
ii. Drama of social protest in which the representation of the outer world takes second place to the inner turmoil experienced by the main characters.
1. This inner turmoil is represented by long monologues
2. This is a reaction against the increasingly unthinking, uncaring and comfortable society at the beginning of the century.
iii. Central characters in Kafkaesque drama are trapped inside a distorted vision of the world that either reflects:
1. their own psychological conflicts
2. those of society
iv. Personal tragedies usually end in the destruction of the character (ie. Willy).

DoaS= Death of a Salesman.
GM = The Glass Menagerie
EAG = En Attendant Godot

ha! du brugte lige ctrl c v -metoden ;)

Jo, ekspressionisme er en malestil, kendetegnet ved at der blev malet med følelser, og man begyndte at give alting farver. Specielt brugen af komplimentær farver kendetegnede det. Man plejede før i tiden at male skyggen mørk, men hvis man nu fx. malede et rødt ansigt, ville man bruge grønne skygger. (Rød><grøn = komplimentærfarver)
Man begynder at male sig væk fra motivet.

kort og godt (:

Politikens Nudansk Leksikon siger:
"en europæisk kunstretning som lægger vægt på den sjælelige oplevelse frem for at gengive den ydre verden. Opstod omkring 1900 som et oprør mod den naturalistiske kunst. Karakteristisk for ekspressionismen i billedkunsten er mangel på centralperspektiv, og kompositionen er ofte præget af uro. Menneskefremstillingen er afidealiseret og deformeret. Farverne er stærke, rene og ublandede og har en selvstændig og udtryksbærende funktion. Tegningerne har ofte hårdt vinklede sorte konturer. Ekspressionismens kunstnere var bl.a. E. Nolde og O. Kokoschka. Som forløbere til ekspressionismen regnes V. van Gogh, P. Gauguin, E. Munch og J. Ensor. Inspirerede en række retninger, bl.a. konstruktivisme, kubisme, futurisme og abstrakt kunst."

Håber det kan bruges. :)

Der er jo forskel på ekspressionismen alt efter om det er den kunstneriske eller den litterære periode. De ligner dog i store træk hinanden.