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Svar #1
09. juni 2007 af Erik Morsing (Slettet)
Actually, this situation can be explained by simple thermodynamic (macroscopic arguments). We already know that, say close to water's tripple point, the density of the liquid phase is higher than of the
crystal phase. Common sense tells us that applying pressure will tend to increase the density of a substance. So if we take ice that is close
to the melting point and apply pressure to it, then it will have no choice but increase in density. But at a sufficiently higher density, the only stable phase will be the liquid one. Now, keeping this
pressure constant, we can recover ice by lowering the temperature. This is equivalent to saying that at higher pressure we've lowered the melting point (which can also be called the freezing point).
At first glance, it might seem that for high enough pressures we can get the melting point as low as we want. But that idea runs into trouble there are crystalline phases of water that have higher density
than the liquid phase and are stable at high pressures. Solid state physics (or rather condensed matter physics, as it is fashionable to
call it nowadays) comes in only one tries to reproduce these propertiesof water from molecular models.
Svar #2
09. juni 2007 af Lisa02 (Slettet)
Svar #3
09. juni 2007 af Erik Morsing (Slettet)
Svar #5
09. juni 2007 af Erik Morsing (Slettet)
Så skulle man tro, at vi ved et tilstrækkeligt højt tryk kan få smeltepunktet så lavt som vi ønsker. Men den ide er der problemer med: der er krystallinske faser (af vand), der har en højere densitet end den flydende fase. ”Condensed matter physics”, som man kalder det bliver kun aktuelle, når man forsøger at reproducere disse egenskaber for vand fra et molekylært synspunkt.
Trippelpunktet er (ved overenskomst i 1967) sat som standard fixpunkt, når vi skal kalibrere et termometer. Flydende vand, fast is og vanddamp kan sameksisterer i såkaldt termisk ligevægt i netop et sæt værdier af tryk og temperatur, nemlig 1 atmosfæres tryk og 273,16 K (udtales kelvin)
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