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Nothern Ireland

Den irske republik blev selvstændig i 1922, men den nordlige del af øen blev ikke en del af den nye stat. I de seks nordøstlige grevskaber var der flertal for at forblive en del af Det forenede Kongerige, fordi størsteparten af befolkningen var protestanter. De fleste irere er katolikker, men i Nordirland er mange skotske og engelske protestanter indvandret i tidens løb. De ønskede ikke at være et mindretal i et forenet Irland, der var domineret af den katolske kirke.
Siden 1922 har Nordirland været styret af den protestantiske befolkning. Religionen er dog ikke det eneste der skiller der to grupper. Der er også vigtige sociale og økonomiske forskelle: der er flere fattige blandt katolikkerne, og også flere arbejdsløse.
I Londonderry i august 1969 begyndte en større gruppe katolske unge at kaste sten mod en protestantisk demonstration; dette var indledningen til tre dages uroligheder, som kaldes slaget om Bogside. Også i andre byer havde der været sammenstød, og den engelske regeringen var nødt til at sætte den britiske hær ind for at undgå en borgerkrig.
I begyndelsen blev den britiske hær betragtet som katolikkernes beskyttere, men efter en kortere periode mente mange, at den snarere holdt protestanterne ved magten. Det gav IRA mulighed for at rekruttere flere tilhængere, og efter oprettelsen af Det provisoriske IRA, der gik ind for brug af vold, kom der snart mange blodige sammenstød. Et af de blodigste var ”Bloody Sunday” i 1972, hvor engelske soldater dræbte 13 katolikker.
Efter en større debat besluttede den engelske regering at suspendere det nordirske parlament og indføre direkte styre fra London. Situationen har ikke ændret sig meget siden 1972. Det har vist sig umuligt at finde en løsning, som alle parter har villet acceptere.

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Translation:
The Irish republic became independent in 1922, but the northern part of the island did not become a part of the new state. In the six north-eastern counties, there were a majority to remain a part of The United Kingdom, because the main part of the population are Protestant’s. Most of the Irish are Catholic’s, throughout time many Scots and English Protestant’s have immigrant to Northern Ireland. They did not wish to be a minority in a united Ireland, who was dominated by the Catholic church.
Since 1922 Northern Ireland has been ruled by the Protestant population. Religion is however not the only thing that divides the two groups. There is also social and economically differences: there are more poverty among Catholic’s and also more unemployment.
In Londonderry in august 1969 a larger group of young Catholic’s started to throw rocks against a Protestant demo: This was the beginning of three days of riot, which was called the battle of Bogside. There had also been clashes in other cities, and the English Government, had to bring the English army into action to avoid a civil war.
In the beginning the English army was considered to be the Catholic’s protectors, but after a shorter period many began to think that they more like kept the Protestant’s at the power. This gave IRA opportunity to recruit more supporters, and after the establishment of The Provisional IRA, who advocated violence, there were soon many bloody encounters. One of the bloodiest was “Bloody Sunday” in 1972, where English soldiers killed 13 Catholic’s.
After a large debate, the English Government decided to suspend the northern Irish parliament and impose direct management from London. The situation has not changed much since 1972. It has turn out to be impossible to find a solution, which all parties can accept.