skriftlig engelsk eksamen

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1)
The IRA was created in 1919 as a successor to the Irish Volunteers, a militant nationalist organization founded in 1913. The purpose of the group was to remove British military forces from Northern Ireland and to unite this country with Ireland.
IRA has no leader but consists of little dense cells under the leadership of the Army Council.
In 1969, the IRA split into the Official IRA and the Provisional IRA. The Official IRA took a more socialist line while the Provisionals, or Provos, became more militant, initially defending Catholics against loyalist attacks, then going on the offensive. The Official IRA still exists, but when people now refer to the IRA, they nearly always mean the Provisional IRA.


2)
Michael Collins was an Irish revolutionary leader and Director of Intelligence for the IRA. He played a major part in Ireland's history after 1916. Michael Collins had been involved in the Easter Uprising in 1916, but he played a relatively low key part. It was after the Uprising that Collins made his mark leading to the treaty of 1921 that gave Ireland dominion status within the British Empire. His objective was to free Ireland from Britain and he would do anything to achieve this goal. He was shot and killed in August 1922, during the Irish Civil War.



3)
The political violence that broke out in Ireland between 1916 and 1923 had its origins in Irish nationalist demands for home Rule within the UK and British Empire and unionist resistance to these demands. BY 1914, this issue was at an impasse with the British government prepared to concede Home Rule or self government to Ireland. This led to the formation of unionist and nationalist armed militias respectively the Ulster volunteer force and Irish volunteers.

And in may 1914 British Parliament give Ireland regional self government within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Its implementation was postponed until after the First World War, amid fears that opposition to home rule by Irish Unionists and illegal gun running by the Ulster Volunteer Force and the Irish Volunteers would lead to civil war.