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Written assignment:
Gatsby and the Roaring Twenties

The 1920ies in America, known as the Roaring Twenties, was a time of celebration after a devastating war. It was a period of time in America characterised by prosperity and optimism. There was a general feeling of discontinuity associated with modernity and a break with traditions. New technologies, like automobiles, movies and radios, spread the idea of modernity to a large part of the population. There were also new ideas and theories that clashed with old traditions or religion.
F. Scott Fitzgerald is famous as one of the greatest authors of the twenties. He is referred to as a member of the “Lost Generation”. His novel “The Great Gatsby” took place during the Roaring Twenties. Fitzgerald can be described as “central to the American twenties” or “historian of the golden twenties”. Fitzgerald wrote about what he saw during the 1920ies, which he dubbed “The Jazz Age” and “The Great Gatsby” therefore must be considered a correct depiction of that era.
The 1920ies was as earlier mentioned a time of great economic prosperity and many people became rich and wealthy. Some people inherited old money and some obtained new money. However, there was the other side of prosperity and many people also suffered the nightmare of being poor. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel “The Great Gatsby” Jay Gatsby clearly has this nightmare of being poor. “The Great Gatsby” is a brilliant illustration of life among the new rich during the 1920ies, people who had recently amassed a great deal of wealth but had no corresponding social connections. The book deals with the idealism and the disillusion of the post-World-War-1 decade and also with the struggle of the American society to find spiritual happiness and material wealth. This is what Tom and Daisy Buchanan as well as Jay Gatsby wants to achieve.
Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby” also describes the social circumstances in the USA in the 1920ies with typical representatives of in this time existing social classes in the post-war decade. Wilson, Myrtles housebound, can be seen as a representative of the poor people of those days. This class is widely ignored by numerous sources but so important for that time because they made up the majority. The former poor Gatsby stands for the newly rich because he lives the “American Dream”.
During the Roaring Twenties, American lifestyles changed dramatically. Money was abundant and people were going out and having fun. All of this wealth and socializing contributes to the “American Dream”. Jay Gatsby, the main character of “The Great Gatsby” symbolizes everything about this dream. Gatsby thinks money is the answer to all his problems and desires. This includes the woman he loves, Daisy. Jay Gatsby has the best of everything: the nicest car, the best clothes, the biggest house, and the liveliest parties. The car during the twenties was the most important status symbol. Gatsby’s car is one of the most expensive, magnificent cars created then. Nick Carraway is in awe the first time he sees it: “I’d seen it. Everybody had seen it. It was a rich cream colour, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length…” (Fitzgerald p. 68). Gatsby is able to make Tom Buchanan jealous with his car. Tom takes the car into the city, and Jay Gatsby has to take Tom’s car then.
The way in which Gatsby made money was a despicable practice. Gatsby's bootlegging business made him millions. The time during Prohibition in the 1920's was an opportune time to take advantage of the lack of alcohol and sell it for those who would pay large sums for it.
How Gatsby is also is a symbol for a whole society, is the relationship between Europe, the already settled, which caused unsatisfaction and therefore led to America, in which mercantilism and idealism are born and are a very important part of American History. In other words in American History, the human sense of wonder is on the one hand, and the power and beauty of things is on the other. The book dramatizes this, directly in the life of Gatsby, how he changed his name and life from the already settled (Europe), for his dream (America).
The Roaring Twenties as earlier mentioned helped create Gatsby's character. For example Gatsby's participation in the bootlegging business and the extravagant parties he throws. Fitzgerald shows how the rich society had a hollow core of pretence and emptiness, and how many of the wealthy were cruel and heartless. The wealthy, careless life-style the Buchanans represent is a good picture of that time frame. It turns out, although Jay Gatsby was used and abused by all the people whom he thought of as friends, he turned out alright in the end. It almost seems as if he is better off dead, according to the narrator, because all his so-called “friends” either deserted him or used him for their own personal gain. There are signs of this all throughout the novel, but it is especially evident in the final chapters. In chapter seven, when Myrtle Wilson is killed, Daisy accepts no responsibility for Myrtle’s death. She just sits back and lets Gatsby take all the blame for her actions. Gatsby is very willing to do so, because of the love he has for Daisy. All Gatsby can think about after the accident is what Daisy went through, and it is as if Daisy’s reaction is the only thing that matters (Fitzgerald p. 151). Gatsby stands outside of Daisy and Tom’s house for hours, waiting for a sign from Daisy that things were alright; “I want to wait here till Daisy goes to bed” (Fitzgerald p. 153). Inside as she talks with Tom, Daisy shows no regret, she just continues with her life as if it never happened. In chapter eight, Gatsby recounts for Nick all the memories he has of Daisy and him together. “She was the first nice girl he had ever known” (Fitzgerald p. 155) and “...Daisy, gleaming like silver...” (Fitzgerald p. 157). This makes it especially hard for Nick to see Gatsby still in love with Daisy. While around Gatsby, Daisy either pretends to be, or is in love with Gatsby.
In the final chapter when Gatsby’s funeral takes place no “friends” that had frequented his parties, with the exception of owl-eyes, bother to come to his funeral. Not even Tom and Daisy attends. They “...had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them.” (Fitzgerald p. 172). Nick desperately wants to get someone for him, so he travels to New York to see Meyer Wolfsheim, but Wolfsheim doesn’t want to get mixed up in it “My own rule is to let everything alone.” (Fitzgerald p.180). Klipspringer isn’t sure if he can make it, because he is supposed to go out for a picnic with some Greenwich friends. The only people at the funeral were Nick, Mr. Gatz (Gatsby’s father,) owl-eyes, the minister, the postman from West Egg, and four or five servants. Through all of this, it seems as though Gatsby is better off dead. He didn’t realize it, but he was being used by practically everyone around him. Daisy and Tom, the partygoers, pretty well everyone but Nick. It is shown that wealth can lead to corruption in the human heart and soul.
If the average reader were to pick a book that best characterized its time period, the choice would most likely be F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby.” Fitzgerald, writing of the 1920s in the 1920s, proves to be an accurate judge of American character. His characters develop along lines of self indulgence, ignorance, and disregard for those outside of their realm (with the exception of Nick Carroway). Fitzgerald’s book proves to be a good observation of the time, capturing the angst and sadness lurking beneath the roar.
Although The Great Gatsby reflected the glitter of the Roaring Twenties, the novel warned of the potential destructiveness of pursuing the American Dream at any cost.

Two other texts that are to be mentioned are Moncure March’s The Wild Party (1928) and Claude McKay’s On Broadway (1920). They both take place during the 1920ies.
For example Queenie, the main character in “The Wild Party”, truly is a flapper. The essential elements of a true flapper were a young woman who wore short skirts, bobbed her hair, listened to the new Jazz music, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behaviour. A flapper was seen as brash for wearing excessive makeup, drinking, treating sex in a casual manner, smoking, and otherwise flouting conventional social and sexual norms. Queenie fits into this model. Also Queenie and Burrs’ lifestyle is a good example of the non-stop party life-style in the city in the 1920ies.
Claude McKay’s “On Broadway” is about feeling lonely, while everyone around you is happy. Over 800,000 immigrants came to America in 1920-21. McKay himself moved from Jamaica to New York in 1912. This poem could be a good picture of how many of the immigrants felt in the middle of the “roar”. In the poem McKay seems to be missing Jamaica, and he says “Oh wonderful is Broadway – only my heart, my heart is lonely”. 
 

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