Energigivende næringsstoffer

De energigivende næringsstoffer er proteiner, fedt og kulhydrater. 

Der findes jo mange forskellige variationer af disse. Proteiner består af aminosyrer, ved fedt ville man nok tage udgangspunkt i triglycerider, og ved kulhydrater kan du jo evt. kigge på glucose, maltose og stivelse, der er mono-, di- og polysaccharider, der består af glucoseenheder. Ved stivelse kan du jo evt. kigge på amylopektin og amylose

Proteiner er lange kæder bestående af aminysyre - for at have et aminosyre skal man have min 30 proteinmolekyler

#2 - Det passer vist ikke helt. Går ud fra, du skrev forkert. Det er nemlig omvendt - der skal være minimum 50 aminosyrer til at danne et protein.

Som Gisela Storz, Yuri I. Wolf og Kumaran S. Ramamurthi konkluderer i Small Proteins Can No Longer Be Ignored (2014), så kan man ikke længere overse proteiner under 50 aminosyrer. Her følger et uddrag af deres abstract: 

Small proteins, here defined as proteins of 50 amino acids or fewer in the absence of processing, have traditionally been overlooked due to challenges in their annotation and biochemical detection. In the past several years, however, increasing numbers of small proteins have been identified either through the realization that mutations in intergenic regions are actually within unannotated small protein genes or through the discovery that some small, regulatory RNAs encode small proteins. These insights, together with comparative sequence analysis, indicate that tens if not hundreds of small proteins are synthesized in a given organism. This review summarizes what has been learned about the functions of several of these bacterial small proteins, most of which act at the membrane, illustrating the astonishing range of processes in which these small proteins act and suggesting several general conclusions. Important questions for future studies of these overlooked proteins are also discussed.