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The chemical name of mustard gas is 1,1-thiobis(2-chloroethane), but is also known as H, pyrite or Kampstoff Lost.5 When the agent is in its impure form the odor takes on a mustard or horseradish smell, hence the common name mustard gas. Yet, in its pure form mustard gas is in fact odorless and colorless. The chemical formula is relatively simple: ClCH2CH2SCH2CH2Cl. On the other hand, the reaction of mustard gas is not as simple. Participation of the sulfur atom leads to displacement of chorine as a leaving group that results in a 3 membered cyclic sulfonium intermediate, called an episulfonium ion. Water or protein found on the skin can then nucleophilically attack this electrophilic ion, an electrophilic ion is a chemical compound that is attracted to electrons and tends to accept electrons. This nucleophilic attack creates an alcohol. The chlorine that is now free can then take a hydrogen from the water and create 2-(2-Chloro-ethylsulfanyl)-ethanol and hydrochloric acid.5 Since mustard gas begins with two chlorines on both ends the new alcohol molecule can undergo the reaction again to form 2-(2-Hydroxy-ethylsulfanyl)-ethanol and more hydrochloric acid.7 For each molecule of mustard gas that undergoes this reaction, two molecules of hydrochloric acid are made. This results in high concentrations of acid on the surface of the reaction site, which is commonly the skin or lungs. Below is the reaction mechanism of mustard gas.


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